Pathogen detection is a research area focused on identifying and diagnosing the presence of harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, in various environments including food, water, air, and human or animal tissues. Detection methods may involve traditional techniques such as culture-based methods, as well as more advanced molecular techniques like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and next-generation sequencing. Accurate and rapid pathogen detection is crucial for disease prevention and control in healthcare, food safety, environmental monitoring, and biodefense. Ongoing research in this area aims to develop innovative and sensitive detection methods to improve the speed, accuracy, and efficiency of diagnosing pathogens.